Vitamins & Minerals

DEAR SIR ------------- MY question is that i am eating calcium and vitamins tablet 3 months ago but i when i will not eat calcium and vitamins tablet in few days so calcium will dicrese very fast in from my body i dont know also doctor doesnot know about this problem that my age is 18 and if 5 or 6 days i will not eat vitamins calcium tablet so calcium will dicrease from my body. Please give me advise and solution of this problem. THANK YOU

hypocalcemia

hypocalcemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood, usually taken as less than 2.2 mmol/L or 9mg/dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1.1 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL). It is a type of electrolyte disturbance.

Causes

It mainly occurs due to a deficiency of parathyroid hormone, inefficient parathyroid hormone, or deficiency of Vitamin D. It may be seen alongside hypomagnesemia.

More specifically, causes include:

• Absent parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
• Acquired hypoparathyroidism
• Hypomagnesemia
• Following parathyroidectomy, "Hungry Bone Syndrome"
• Ineffective PTH
• Chronic renal failure
• Absent active vitamin D
• Decreased dietary intake
• Decreased sun exposure
• Defective Vitamin D metabolism
• Anticonvulsant therapy
• Vitamin-D dependent rickets, type I
• Ineffective active vitamin D
• Intestinal malabsorption
• Vitamin-D dependent rickets, type II
• Pseudohypoparathyroidism
• Deficient PTH
• Severe acute hyperphosphatemia
• Tumor lysis syndrome
• Acute renal failure
• Rhabdomyolysis (initial stage)
• Osteitis fibrosa following parathyroidectomy
• Exposure to hydrofluoric acid
• As a complication of pancreatitis

Symptoms

• Perioral tingling and parasthesia, 'pins and needles' sensation over the extremities of hands and feet. This is the earliest symptom of hypocalcemia.
• Tetany, carpopedal spasm are seen.
• Latent tetany
• Trousseau sign of latent tetany (eliciting carpal spasm by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining the cuff pressure above systolic)
• Chvostek's sign (tapping of the inferior portion of the zygoma will produce facial spasms)
• Tendon reflexes are depressed
• Life threatening complications
• Laryngospasm
• Cardiac arrhythmias

Management

• intravenous calcium gluconate is given slowly in a period of 10 minutes, or if the hypocalcemia is severe, calcium chloride is given instead.
• Maintenance doses of both calcium and vitamin-D.

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